Piaggio 125-180cc 2T BGM Original Cylinder Base Gasket Spacer - 1.5mm

The head angles change most if the additional stroke is compensated at the cylinder base. With a stroke increase from 52mm to 55mm, i.e. 3mm, 1.5mm would have to be underlaid at the foot OR head here. So no 3mm compensation seal is used but only 1,5mm because the piston moves 1,5mm up AND down.

Now 1,5mm is underlaid at the base, due to the angle function of the crank drive, the overflow time increases disproportionately to the exhaust angle. Both angles, overflow and outlet angle, should however always be in proportion to each other for a well-functioning flush. The outlet channel should always open for a certain time before the overflow channels to give the old gases enough time to escape and make room for the incoming fresh gas. If the function of this process, known as the pre-exhaust angle, is disturbed by a too high overflow angle (or an exhaust angle that is too short in relation to the overflow angle), the power delivery in the upper speed range will be massively disturbed. Then the best exhaust system simply doesn't work anymore because it lacks the surface to breathe. If the exhaust is a real racing exhaust that only makes music in the upper speed range, this is usually accompanied by a pronounced lack of power in the lower speed range. So the engine would be slower than an original engine, despite more stroke and expensive exhaust, because the exhaust steals the torque from below and the cylinder cannot deliver it from above.

So you have to aim for a value between 23°-32° for the forward exhaust angle. The smaller the angle, the less purge loss the cylinder has, but also correspondingly less power in the upper rpm range. On the other hand, a large pre-exhaust angle is perfect to support high performance exhaust systems, but carries the risk of losing a lot of power in the lower speed range.

For the beginning it is therefore usually more recommendable to compensate the extra stroke at the cylinder head to avoid too high a change of the head angle.

If a compensation at the cylinder base is desired, which is usually easier to realize with water-cooled engines, the exhaust angle often has to be adjusted mechanically, i.e. the exhaust must be milled to achieve the desired forward exhaust angle.

However, depending on the cylinder type, this requires skill, tools and know-how.

Adjustment of the timing angle is just as essential as subsequent adjustment of the ignition angle and carburetor spraying.